+1 650-253-0000
775 New York Ave, Brooklyn, New York 11203

Van Leeuwen v. Rebel Creamery

Van Leeuwen v. Rebel Creamery

Keegan Survey Evidence Cited in a $23.8 Million Trade Dress Win

Our survey work supported Van Leeuwen Ice Cream LLC in its trade dress case against Rebel Creamery LLC in the Eastern District of New York. Van Leeuwen claimed that Rebel’s ice cream packaging created an overall impression confusingly similar to its distinctive pint design.

We designed and ran a reverse confusion trade dress survey to measure whether relevant consumers would associate Van Leeuwen’s packaging with Rebel. Mark Keegan testified at trial about the survey’s design, methodology, and findings. The survey indicated that relevant consumers were likely to link Van Leeuwen to Rebel because of the challenged trade dress.

The court ruled for Van Leeuwen. It enjoined Rebel from using the trade dress, ordered roughly $23.8 million in profits disgorged, and required a packaging redesign.

Reuters, Inc., and Law360 covered the decision. Law360 reported that the court found Rebel had deliberately copied the soft, simple look of Van Leeuwen’s packaging. Inc. reported a net confusion rate of 34.3%, meaning about one-third of surveyed ice cream shoppers tied Van Leeuwen to Rebel.

CourtEastern District of New York
CaseVan Leeuwen Ice Cream LLC v. Rebel Creamery LLC, 1:21-cv-02356
Our surveyReverse confusion trade dress survey
Net confusion34.3%, discussed in the court’s order
OutcomeInjunction, about $23.8 million in profits disgorged, and a packaging redesign

What the Case Shows

Why the case matters

Consumer perception sits at the core of many trademark and trade dress disputes. Trade dress rarely turns on a single design element. Several things shape whether buyers think two products share a source or are connected:

ColorTypographyLayoutPackage shapeProduct categoryStore settingOverall impression

Here, the survey evidence addressed a practical question: how relevant consumers understood the relationship between the two packages.

Survey evidence in trade dress litigation

Surveys are especially useful when attorneys need proof of likelihood of confusion, reverse confusion, secondary meaning, or consumer takeaway. A well-designed survey can show whether consumers believe products are connected, whether one brand seems affiliated with another, or whether the way a product is presented creates a misleading association.

The design has to reflect real marketplace conditions. The question is whether shoppers who meet the products in context are likely to draw a mistaken connection, not only whether the labels look alike.

About Keegan & Donato Consulting

We provide consumer survey research and expert support for trademark, trade dress, false advertising, Lanham Act, and consumer perception litigation. Our work helps legal teams assess likelihood of confusion, reverse confusion, secondary meaning, and consumer understanding, as well as the reliability of opposing survey evidence. Contact us to discuss whether survey evidence can support, test, or challenge the claims in your case.

How much will a survey cost?

Every study is built around the needs of the case, so the cost depends on the design.

See Rates & Fees

Areas of Expertise

Do you have a case that involves trade dress or reverse confusion?

Contact our team to discuss whether survey evidence could support, test, or challenge the claims in your matter.

Contact Us